When a force is applied at the feet, away from the center of mass (r > 0), it generates a torque. This torque can result in a forward angular acceleration, causing the jumper to face down in the sand.
To counteract this rotation, athletes utilize various techniques. One method is to lean back during the jump, which reduces the torque by bringing the center of mass closer to the foot contact point. However, this approach can slow down the jump. Another technique is the hang technique, where the jumper extends their arms and legs like a sail in the air, increasing their moment of inertia at the expense of potential wind drag.
Most Olympic athletes employ the hitch kick technique, exemplified by Carl Lewis, a four-time gold medalist in the event. By mimicking a running motion in the air and windmilling their arms and legs, jumpers transfer body rotation into limb rotation, applying the principle of conservation of angular momentum.
While many believe that running motion propels the jumper farther, the distance traveled in traditional techniques is typically determined upon takeoff. The primary goal of these techniques is to combat rotation and ensure a successful landing.
The Somersault Jump
Tuariki Delamere introduced a novel approach to the long jump. Rather than resisting rotation, he suggested embracing it by leaning forward as the back foot pushes off, enhancing torque and potentially increasing jumping force. By continuing the rotation and tucking their knees toward their chest, jumpers could boost angular velocity and minimize air drag.
The somersault long jump also offers the advantage of landing with the feet in front, allowing for a smooth roll forward instead of landing on the seat or hands. Delamere’s innovative technique had the potential to revolutionize long jumps and possibly exceed the current world record of 29 feet, 4 inches. However, it was deemed too risky by sporting authorities and never allowed in competition.
The reluctance to embrace Delamere’s approach highlights the resistance to change and creativity in the track and field community. Despite leaving traditional records behind, perhaps attitudes will shift over time, just as breakdancing has found its place in the Olympics.